Pulmonary Embolism & Respiratory Distress Syndromes Mind Map

Pulmonary Embolism & Respiratory Distress Syndromes⚠️⚕️

DVTPEVTEThrombosisPulmonaryEmbolismARDSRespiratory Distress

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) - Focusing on Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Risk Factors for DVT

Inherited Thrombophilic Disorders

Factor V Leiden Mutation

Prothrombin Gene Mutation (G20210A)

Antithrombin Deficiency

Protein C Deficiency

Protein S Deficiency

Acquired Risk Factors

Immobilization (Prolonged bed rest, paralysis, long flights)

Surgery (Major surgery, especially orthopedic procedures)

Trauma (Fractures, severe injuries)

Malignancy (Cancer, especially visceral cancers)

Pregnancy and Postpartum Period

Oral Contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy

Obesity

Heart Failure

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Certain Medications (e.g., some immunosuppressants)

Diagnosis of DVT

Clinical Evaluation (Symptoms: pain, swelling, redness, warmth)

D-dimer Test (Blood test to rule out DVT, but not diagnostic)

Compression Ultrasonography (Doppler ultrasound to visualize thrombi)

Venography (Radiographic technique, less commonly used now)

CT Venography (Cross-sectional imaging technique)

MRI Venography (High-resolution imaging technique)

Treatment of DVT

Anticoagulation (Heparin, Warfarin, Direct Thrombin Inhibitors, Factor Xa Inhibitors)

Thrombolytic Therapy (For massive or life-threatening DVT)

Inferior Vena Cava Filter (To prevent PE in high-risk patients)

Supportive Measures (Elevation of the leg, compression stockings, pain management)

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Types of PE

Saddle Embolism (Obstruction at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery)

Subsegmental PE (Smaller emboli, often asymptomatic)

Massive PE (Obstruction of major pulmonary arteries, life-threatening)

Recurrent PE (Multiple episodes of PE)

Clinical Presentation of PE

Symptoms (Dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, syncope, sudden death)

Physical Exam (Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, hypotension)

Diagnosis of PE

Clinical Probability Assessment (Based on Wells criteria or Geneva score)

D-dimer Test (Negative result helps rule out PE, but not diagnostic)

CT Pulmonary Angiography (Preferred imaging technique)

Ventilation-Perfusion Scan (Less commonly used now)

Pulmonary Angiography (Invasive, used when CTPA is inconclusive)

Treatment of PE

Anticoagulation (Same as DVT)

Thrombolytic Therapy (For massive or life-threatening PE)

Surgical Embolectomy (In rare cases where thrombolysis is unsuccessful)

Supportive Care (Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support)

Air Embolism

Fat Embolism Syndrome

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)