Self and SocietySelf-ConceptEncompasses beliefs about one's attributes and rolesEvolves through childhood, adolescence, and adulthoodCultural influences shape self-concept, promoting either Independence or interdependence.Self-ImageFocuses on how individuals evaluate themselvesIt is influenced by social comparisons, feedback from others, and media standardsPositive self-image correlates with better mental health outcomes.Self-PerceptionInvolves understanding one's attitudes and emotions through behavior observationDaryl Bem's self-perception theory suggests attitudes are inferred from BehaviorAccuracy can be affected by biases and social desirability, leading to potential misinterpretationsAttitudes Towards Mental IllnessCultural background shapes perceptions of mental illnessPersonal experiences with mental illness can lead to acceptance or reinforcement of stereotypesEducation and media portrayals significantly impact public attitudes.Measuring AttitudesExplicit measures include surveys and interviews to assess attitudesImplicit measures like the Implicit Association Test gauge automatic associationsBehavioral measures observe interactions with individuals with mental illness.Changing AttitudesEducation campaigns can dispel myths and improve public understandingContact-based interventions foster positive interactions between the public and individuals with mental illnessMedia representation initiatives encourage accurate portrayals of mental health issuesPsychosocial Foundations of Behavior🤝🧠
Mental IllnessMental Health
Concept of Mental Health and IllnessDefining Mental HealthMental health is a multifaceted concept beyond the absence of disorders.WHO defines it as a state of well-being involving self-realization and community contributionA holistic approach includes emotional, psychological, and social well-beingUnderstanding Mental IllnessMental Illness involves significant changes in thinking, emotion, or behavior.Diagnosis relies on standardized criteria from DSM-5 or ICD-10The biopsychosocial model considers biological, psychological, and social factors in mental disorders.Relationship between Mental Health and Mental IllnessThe dual continuum model shows mental health and illness as distinct dimensionsAn individual can experience good mental health despite having a mental illnessFactors influencing both include genetics, early experiences, and social supportStigmaDefinition and Types of StigmaStigma involves negative attitudes and beliefs towards individuals with mental illnessPublic stigma refers to societal attitudes, while self-stigma is internalized by individualsStructural stigma exists in policies and practices limiting opportunities for those with mental illnessSources of StigmaMedia portrayal often sensationalizes mental illness, reinforcing stereotypesCultural beliefs may view mental illness as weakness or punishmentLack of education contributes to misunderstandings about mental health.Impact of Stigma on Individuals with Mental IllnessStigma can delay help-seeking behavior, worsening symptoms and outcomesSocial isolation may occur due to withdrawal or exclusion from othersInternalized stigma can reduce self-esteem and hope for recovery.
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