CampylobacterGeneral CharacteristicsGram-negativeSpiralMicroaerophilicMotile (Unipolar or Bipolar Flagella)Oxidase-positiveColonizes Mucous Membranes (Alimentary & Reproductive Tracts)SpeciesC. jejuniMain Cause of Bacterial Foodborne DiseaseC. coliImplicated in Human DiseaseC. fetusCauses Spontaneous Abortions (Cattle & Sheep)Opportunistic Pathogen in HumansTransmission & InfectionIngestion of Contaminated Food/WaterContact with Infected AnimalsDisease ManifestationsDiarrheal Disease (Mild to Severe)Presence of Blood & Leukocytes in Stool (Severe Cases)Toxin ProductionCytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)Hinders Cell Division & Immune ActivationDiagnosisStool SpecimenDirect Examination (Gram Stain show negative&fecal leukocyte should present)Dart motility in hanging drop , oxidase positive & catalase positiveColonies are moist,runny-looking, spreading and non-hemolyticPresence of campylobacter include antigen testing via EIA or PCRTreatmentAzithromycin (Standard)Quinolones like ciprofloxacin & levoflocacin (Less Effective Due to Resistance)
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